<b>HRAC Group 9</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy G) </font> resistant Brachiaria eruciformis from Australia, Queensland

INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE

HRAC GROUP 9 (LEGACY G) RESISTANT SWEET SUMMER GRASS
(Brachiaria eruciformis)

Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)

Australia, Queensland

INTRODUCTION		SWEET SUMMER GRASS
Sweet Summer Grass (Brachiaria eruciformis) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family. In Queensland this weed first evolved resistance to Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides in 2014 and infests Fallow. Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (Inhibition of EPSP synthase). Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to glyphosate and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides. The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Sep 01, 2014 )
Common Name	Sweet Summer Grass
Species	Brachiaria eruciformis
Group	Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
Herbicides	glyphosate
Location	Australia, Queensland
Year	2014
Situation(s)	Fallow
Contributors - (Alphabetically)	Tony Cook, and Max Quinlivan
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Field, and Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Sweet Summer Grass biotype with this Sweet Summer Grass biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.

Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 9 resistant Sweet Summer Grass have not been reported to the site. There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature

Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database. If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.

Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes. If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 9 (Legacy G) resistant Sweet Summer Grass from Queensland please update the database.

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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

TONY COOK

Technical Specialist Weeds NSW Department of Primary Industries Biosecurity NSW Tamworth Agricultural Institute 4 Marsden Park Rd. Calala, 2340, New South Wales Australia Email Tony Cook Web : Web Site Link

MAX QUINLIVAN

Extension Officer Agri-Science Queensland Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry 99 Hospital Rd LMB 6 Emerald, 4720, Queensland Australia Email Max Quinlivan Web : Web Site Link

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Queensland have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Tony Cook, and Max Quinlivan for providing detailed information.

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Herbicide Resistant Sweet Summer Grass Globally
(Brachiaria eruciformis)

Country

FirstYear

Situation

Active Ingredients

Site of Action

Australia (Queensland)

2014

Fallow

glyphosate

Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)

Literature about Similar Cases

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Werth, J. ; Thornby, D. ; Walker, S.. 2011. Assessing weeds at risk of evolving glyphosate resistance in Australian sub-tropical glyphosate-resistant cotton systems. Crop & Pasture Science 62 : 1002 - 1009.

Glyphosate resistance will have a major impact on current cropping practices in glyphosate-resistant cotton systems. A framework for a risk assessment for weed species and management practices used in cropping systems with glyphosate-resistant cotton will aid decision making for resistance management. We developed this framework and then assessed the biological characteristics of 65 species and management practices from 50 cotton growers. This enabled us to predict the species most likely to evolve resistance, and the situations in which resistance is most likely to occur. Species with the highest resistance risk were Brachiaria eruciformis, Conyza bonariensis, Urochloa panicoides, Chloris virgata, Sonchus oleraceus and Echinochloa colona. The summer fallow and non-irrigated glyphosate-resistant cotton were the highest risk phases in the cropping system. When weed species and management practices were combined, C. bonariensis in summer fallow and other winter crops were at very high risk. S. oleraceus had very high risk in summer and winter fallow, as did C. virgata and E. colona in summer fallow. This study enables growers to identify potential resistance risks in the species present and management practices used on their farm, which will to facilitate a more targeted weed management approach to prevent development of glyphosate resistance..

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